See kulą on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kol"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kol\nOld English: col\nMiddle English: col, cole\nEnglish: coal\nScots: col, coll\nOld Frisian: kole\nSaterland Frisian: Cole, Koole\nWest Frisian: koal\nOld Saxon: *kol\nMiddle Low German: kole\nGerman Low German: Kahl, Kaal\nPlautdietsch: Kol\nOld Dutch: *kol\nMiddle Dutch: kole\nDutch: kool\nAfrikaans: kool\nJersey Dutch: kôl\nNegerhollands: kool\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro\n→ Chinese: 高麗 /高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)\n→ Indonesian: kol\n→ Mahican: gónan\n→ Papiamentu: kolo\n→ Sranan Tongo: kolo\nLimburgish: koeal\nOld High German: kol\nMiddle High German: kol\nCimbrian: kholl\nGerman: Kohle\nLuxembourgish: Kuel\nYiddish: קויל (koyl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kol\nOld English: col\nMiddle English: col, cole\nEnglish: coal\nScots: col, coll\nOld Frisian: kole\nSaterland Frisian: Cole, Koole\nWest Frisian: koal\nOld Saxon: *kol\nMiddle Low German: kole\nGerman Low German: Kahl, Kaal\nPlautdietsch: Kol\nOld Dutch: *kol\nMiddle Dutch: kole\nDutch: kool\nAfrikaans: kool\nJersey Dutch: kôl\nNegerhollands: kool\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro\n→ Chinese: 高麗 /高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)\n→ Indonesian: kol\n→ Mahican: gónan\n→ Papiamentu: kolo\n→ Sranan Tongo: kolo\nLimburgish: koeal\nOld High German: kol\nMiddle High German: kol\nCimbrian: kholl\nGerman: Kohle\nLuxembourgish: Kuel\nYiddish: קויל (koyl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kol"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kol, kul\nIcelandic: kol\nFaroese: kol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kol\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol\nJamtish: kuł\nOld Swedish: kol, kul\nSwedish: kol\nDanish: kul\nNorwegian Bokmål: kull",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kol, kul\nIcelandic: kol\nFaroese: kol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kol\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol\nJamtish: kuł\nOld Swedish: kol, kul\nSwedish: kol\nDanish: kul\nNorwegian Bokmål: kull"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵwelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵwl̥H-o-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gúal",
"t": "charcoal, coal"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्वलति",
"t": "to burn",
"tr": "jválati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìlti",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvìlti (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *ǵulHom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Related to Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”), Lithuanian žvìlti (“to shine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coal"
],
"id": "en-kulą-gem-pro-noun-bRFMlfv1",
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "kulą"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kulą f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧lą"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"instrumental singular of kula"
],
"id": "en-kulą-pl-noun-mHG0XitJ",
"links": [
[
"kula",
"kula#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɔw̃/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɔm/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulɔw̃"
}
],
"word": "kulą"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kulą",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧lą"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kulić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present of kulić"
],
"id": "en-kulą-pl-verb-IXzL79za",
"links": [
[
"kulić",
"kulić#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɔw̃/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɔm/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulɔw̃"
}
],
"word": "kulą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ulɔw̃",
"Rhymes:Polish/ulɔw̃/2 syllables"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kulą f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧lą"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"instrumental singular of kula"
],
"links": [
[
"kula",
"kula#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɔw̃/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɔm/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulɔw̃"
}
],
"word": "kulą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ulɔw̃",
"Rhymes:Polish/ulɔw̃/2 syllables"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kulą",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧lą"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kulić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present of kulić"
],
"links": [
[
"kulić",
"kulić#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɔw̃/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɔm/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulɔw̃"
}
],
"word": "kulą"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kol"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kol\nOld English: col\nMiddle English: col, cole\nEnglish: coal\nScots: col, coll\nOld Frisian: kole\nSaterland Frisian: Cole, Koole\nWest Frisian: koal\nOld Saxon: *kol\nMiddle Low German: kole\nGerman Low German: Kahl, Kaal\nPlautdietsch: Kol\nOld Dutch: *kol\nMiddle Dutch: kole\nDutch: kool\nAfrikaans: kool\nJersey Dutch: kôl\nNegerhollands: kool\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro\n→ Chinese: 高麗 /高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)\n→ Indonesian: kol\n→ Mahican: gónan\n→ Papiamentu: kolo\n→ Sranan Tongo: kolo\nLimburgish: koeal\nOld High German: kol\nMiddle High German: kol\nCimbrian: kholl\nGerman: Kohle\nLuxembourgish: Kuel\nYiddish: קויל (koyl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kol\nOld English: col\nMiddle English: col, cole\nEnglish: coal\nScots: col, coll\nOld Frisian: kole\nSaterland Frisian: Cole, Koole\nWest Frisian: koal\nOld Saxon: *kol\nMiddle Low German: kole\nGerman Low German: Kahl, Kaal\nPlautdietsch: Kol\nOld Dutch: *kol\nMiddle Dutch: kole\nDutch: kool\nAfrikaans: kool\nJersey Dutch: kôl\nNegerhollands: kool\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro\n→ Chinese: 高麗 /高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)\n→ Indonesian: kol\n→ Mahican: gónan\n→ Papiamentu: kolo\n→ Sranan Tongo: kolo\nLimburgish: koeal\nOld High German: kol\nMiddle High German: kol\nCimbrian: kholl\nGerman: Kohle\nLuxembourgish: Kuel\nYiddish: קויל (koyl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kol"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kol, kul\nIcelandic: kol\nFaroese: kol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kol\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol\nJamtish: kuł\nOld Swedish: kol, kul\nSwedish: kol\nDanish: kul\nNorwegian Bokmål: kull",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kol, kul\nIcelandic: kol\nFaroese: kol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kol\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol\nJamtish: kuł\nOld Swedish: kol, kul\nSwedish: kol\nDanish: kul\nNorwegian Bokmål: kull"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵwelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵwl̥H-o-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gúal",
"t": "charcoal, coal"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्वलति",
"t": "to burn",
"tr": "jválati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìlti",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvìlti (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *ǵulHom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Related to Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”), Lithuanian žvìlti (“to shine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵwelH-",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"coal"
],
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "kulą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kulą meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.